Chapter 2 Case Study

Questions to Consider (Page 38 )
1. What message is sent to IT workers by the actions of New York Law School and  colleague  even if unrelated job-performance issues justified their actions in firing Gross and Perry?
Answer:
the New York Law School and  colleague  sent an email to New York faculty , staff , and students saying I'm saddened to report to you that i learned this afternoon that our colleague, professor Edward Samuel, was arrested on charges relating to possession of childhood pornographic images.and they were fired because of this incident.


2. since the incident, a number of states have enacted laws that require workers to report immediately any child pornography found while servicing equipment. most of the laws state that worker who reports such a discovery is immune from any criminal,civil or administrative liability. failure to report the discovery can result to a fine, imprisonment or both,do you think such laws will encourage reporting? why or why not?
Answer:
yes, because for me as i site some example, you caught your partner doing those kind of things while on work and it is against the law, and your not doing something like reporting him that he or she is doing those thing. if he or she got caught by someone or in charge he may also make you involved even if your not. so it is better to report those things if you want not to be involved something that may cause your career.

Discussion Questions (Page 60)
1. how do you distinguish between a gift and a bribe? provide an example of a "gift" that falls in the gray area between a gift and a bribe.
Answer:
for me a bribe is any inducement either in appreciation of past favor. a gift is given to somebody without any permission or just a surprise gift. because expecting to be in a position on the gesture.


2. discuss the following topic: law do not provide a complete guide to ethical behavior. an activity can be legal or not ethical.
Answer:
there are scenarios like that , for example company's has laws but sometimes do not provide a complete guide to ethical behavior.and some companies can be legal but no ethical, because there are legal doings that is against the laws and ethical values, if a company follows the ethical way and law regarding with ethics it is a formal and well processed company.

3. what is a professional malpractice? can an IT worker ever be sued for professional malpractice? why or why not?
Answer:
yes, IT worker can be sued for his or her professional malpractice, because for me professional malpractice is a failure to exercise an ordinary degree  of professional skills, because for me companies lately chooses a professional IT worker to work for them and well lead them to the top to be the best companies worldwide.


4. review the PMI member code of ethics in appendix E. for each point in the code, provide an example of a project manager action that would break the code.
Answer:
the code has two parts, the outlines what the organization aspires to become and typically lists rules and principles that members are expected to live by, on the first example the leader of you project or the project manager can give you task and it is a hard task that you might font know or it is hard on your part. and on the second example he may disobey codes or rules regarding to the principles that he'll give.


5. what must IT professionals do to ensure that the project they lead meet the clients expectations and do not lead the charges of fraud, fraudulent misrepresentation, or breach of contact.
Answer:
IT professionals must ensure that they have to present their project or work properly to their clients or managers you have to give your best to the clients so that they will be amazed on your work it is important to be honest to them because it is one of the most important part in IT businesses.


6.should all IT professionals be either be licensed or certified? why or why not?
Answer:
On my own observation both licensed or certified are best for an IT professional because it depends on the skill and also it depends on the professionalism and ethical behavior or the person if he wants to be a licensed such as a licensed programmer or a way that he only wants to be a IT Professional only it depends on the persons' knowledge and skills.


7. what commonalities you find among  the IT professionals codes of ethics discussed in this chapter ? what differences are there? do you think there are any important issues not addressed by these codes of ethics.
Answer:
for me each code has similarities because it is all about ethics we know that ethics has many codes of ethics but for me there are no issues regarding to those codes because it's all about showing your personality and characteristics when it comes to ethics

Discussion Questions (Page 62)
1. the Incident illustrates some of the potential problems for small software developers working with the giant software manufacturers. to extend or enhance their products. provide two good reasons why small developers should still consider working closely with the large software firm.
Answer:
for me as my fist reason giant software manufactures show give chance to the small firms because as we know some firms are good enough second reason, they can work closely to each others firm to lean more about developing software's or applications it is also a good chance to improve their skills.


2. what measures could limit none have taken to better protect itself from Google's alleged actions? what measures could Google have taken to protect itself from this lawsuit?
Answer:
for me they should not give to much details about their product because Google or even not Google can easily imitate their product wisely and it could be with much better results but somehow Google state that the create similar product without trade form them which is LimitNone.


3. do research on the web to find out this case is proceeding it the courts. write a short summary of your findings.
Answer:
In LimitNone LLC v. Google Inc. (Cas No. 1:08-cv-04178), a small software development business based in the Chicago area brought claims that Google misappropriated software LimitNone developed to facilitate users' transition from desktop-based office productivity software, like Microsoft Office, to Google's Google Apps solution, in which the software is hosted at and files are stored and accessed remotely from, Google had been unable to create an efficient method for its users to transfer existing Office files to Google Apps. LimitNone developed a solution to this problem (called "gMove"), and the parties began to explore the possibility of a licensing deal for gMove. limitNone then signed a Google-drafted non-disclosure agreement (NDA) and a "Google Enterprise Professional Agreement" (GEP) governing LimitNone's participation in the program through which Google encourages outsied businesses to developo programs for use with Google Apps. Thereafter, according to LimitNone, the parties entered into beta- testing and release-version license agreements pertaining to gMove. Following the parties' exchange of these agreements, LimitNone discovered that Google had deployed a different solution on Google Apps to allow users to transfer their documents. According to LimitNone, it would have been impossible for Google to have completed the development of the software in the time intervening between its first contact with LimitNone, at which time Google allegedly had no such solution, and its discovery of the competing tool. LimitNone then filed its lawsuit in Illinois state court.




Discussion Questions (Page 64)
1. What actions should WMI have taken to lessen the risk of this project and avoid these problems?

Answer:

on the first place there were no signing of contacts happen there. the WMI should investigate and learn more about SAP to avoid any regulations or something that are not good on them. and in relating on creating mature software WMI should know if SAP are good on this part. for me they should know each other better and decide whats the best and right thing to do.

2. What sort of losses has WMI incurred from the delay of this project? How has the lack of success on this project affected SAP?

Answer:

they loss and waste enough time and to much delay on creating their project. because there is no great cooperation of workers or boss on WMI, SAP showed that they are not good or well enough to be one of the best. companies losses their trust to them because they are not good and didn't meet the standards. and they will loose everything.


3. Do research on the web to find out the current status of the lawsuits between WMI and SAP. Write a brief report summarizing your findings.

Answer:

as my summary, industry tricks’ to entice Waste Management into buying what they saw as software unfit for their purpose and at a cost of more than $100 million. In this defense, SAP claimed:

Waste Management didn't “timely and accurately define its business requirements” nor provide “sufficient, knowledgeable, decision-empowered users and managers” to work on the project.

In April 2010, we settled the lawsuit, receiving a one-time cash payment, and all parties dismissed their claims with prejudice.

So it’s not quite all over but you can be reasonably certain this one has been put to bed. The burning question is how much did SAP fork over?

 We may never know. SAP did not make an official announcement which would have been required if the amount in question was significant. More important, this is one more piece of SAP’s recent legacy past that it can put to bed in advance of its upcoming annual customer conference which starts May 16th. Much of SAP’s credibility going forward depends on how good a show co-CEO’s Jim Snabe and Bill McDermott put on, how convincing they are and whether the product road-map looks sufficiently solid for buyers to continue SAP investments. Taking this problem off the table will be a relief and another example

 of the company clearing the decks. 

Discussion Question (Page 65)

1. How can organizations and vendors change their certification programs to test for skills as well as core knowledge? What issues might this introduce?

Answer:

Organization creates project management which certifies that if an IT worker succeeds the training that the organization will provide for the IT workers and Employees they well be given a certificate for the job that qualifies them. it shows that how further they learn during training's or maybe seminars how much knowledge they gain and how to use them wisely.

2. What are the primary arguments against certification, and how can certifying bodies change their programs to overcome these shortcomings?

Answer:

IT knowledge is not necessarily translated into IT quality work, cause as we know people with IT backgrounds must have a great communications skill and they are wisely suspected that it workers paid their certificates. they can release certificate and can also gain it during training's and it can be also used in their works and careers.

3. What are the benefits of certification? How might certification programs need to change in the future to better serve the needs of the IT community?

Answer:

The benefits of this certificates are the employee can easily find a job and they are well recognized as an IT 

Employees can benefit much on the certificates they will receive because it serves as a evidence that you attend any training's or any other programs or even workshops related to IT community it can also be used to easily apply to a company related on the certificate given to them. it is easy to be a part of something that is good best for your career.

Chapter 1 Case Study

Questions to Consider (Page 10)

1. which issue is more disconcerting- the fact that a board member leaked confidential information about the firm or the tactics used to investigate the leak? defend your position.

Answer:
for me, the more disconcerting issue is the fact that a board member leaked confidential information because it's against the company regulations, even though they leak information the three hired detectives can easily trace the board member through their telephone records and social security numbers.

2. can the use of pretexting to gain information ever be justified? is it consider legal under any circumstances.
Answer:
for me pretexting to gain information in a situation based on the vignette it is totally illegal because it is not your part to gain or collect information for the company you have to stick for the kind of task assigned to you to to pretext and do other things without permission.


Discussion Questions (Page 29)
1. there are many ethical issues about which people hold very strong opinions-abortions, gun control and the death penalty, to name a few. if you were a team member on a project with someone whom you knew held an opinion different from yours on one of these issues, would it affect your ability to work with this person? why or why not?
Answer:
for me as a member of a team and given a project to those issues shown, it would not affect my ability to work effectively because as a member of a team we have to gather opinions and share ideas for each member of the team so that we'll accomplish it clearly without anguishing someone's opinion.

2. what do you think are the most important factors that helped you define your own personal code of ethics.

Answer:

for me important factors that helped me define my personal code of ethics are leadership and decision making,leadership you have to manage yourself on what you do and lead yourself,decision making because you have to decide what's right or wrong when making decisions on social works and core values.

3. do you think that ethics in business is improving or getting worse ? defend your position.
Answer:
based on my observations, ethics in business is improving because business are important when it terms to ethics example of it is the terms and conditions of the business people cannot abide the company regulation it is very helpful because it helps to company to be more discipline and always on top.


4. the ethics resource center identified five characteristics of a succesful ethics program suggest a sixth characteristic, and  defend your choice.
Answer:




5. which incendent has a higher negative impact on an organization-an unethical act performed by an hourly worker or the same act performed by a senior manager of the organization? explain your answer fully. should the hourly worker be treated differently than the senior manager who committed the unethical act? why or why not?
Answer:
on my own opinion both unethical incident has both a higher impact on an organization, because for me even though they are not on the same position they both commit an unethical mistakes and it is against ethics. they both deserve to be treated fairly because they are the same worker of an organization.

6. it is a common and acceptable pratice for managers to hold people accountable to meet "stretch" goals, quotas, and budgets.how can this be done in a way that does not encourage unethical behavior on the part of employees.
Answer:
based on my observations some companies required this accountable for enable for them to compute the salaries of the employees based on the work done. for me the company or organization should explain clearly or to orient the employee's of their company or organization on how do they hold people's accountable to meet stretch.

7. is every action that is legal also ethical? can you describe an action that is legal but ethically wrong? is every ethical action also legal? is the law, not ethics, the only guide that business managers need to consider? explain.
Answer:
No, because there are sometimes an unethical part on every legal actions. sample of a legal but ethically wrong is you working on a private company and you are a programmer, your created programs are signed by the company and must be within the company only and that is legal. the ethically wrong doing is sharing your company s' programs to other company and that us againts ethics and it is illegal. they both have to consider the law and ethics because for example..company has laws, and ethics is barely needed to determine if the law is against ethics.

8. do you think it is easier to establish an ethical work environment in a nonprofit organization? why or why not?
 Answer:
on my own opinion it depends on the owrker of the company/organization if he or she accepts to a nonprofit organization as long as the worker establish the law of ethics or following the rules of ethics on the organization, it helps the work environment to be more confident on their work because they know the limitations and what is best for the company even though it is a  nonprofit organization.

9. this chapter discusses the four approaches to dealing with moral issues. identify and briefly summarize each one. do you believe one perspective is better then others? if so, which one and why?

Answer:


Discussion Questions (Page 32)
1. CA executives involved the accounting scandal were not accused of reporting bogus contracts or hiding major problems in business. the contracts that were backdated were real sales agreements. was this really a crime? should the individuals have been punished so harshly?
Answer:
for me it is a crime made by them they deserved to be punished on their wrong doings, not a really harsh or animalistic punishes but people made mistakes and as of now they should be more careful on their doings.

2. In December 2004, CA appointed Patrick J. Gnazzo as a senior chief compliance officer to demonstrate to the government and shareholders that the firm would take measures to operate ethically, Gnazzo served in this role at United Technologies for 10 years and had been a member of the board directors of the ethics Offices Association .Gnazzo reported to a  new executive vice president and a general counsel at CA as well as the board's Compliance committee. Outline some of the Actions Gnazzo might have been taken in his first six months on the job.
Answer:
they did not fix the issues regarding the scandal of the company was facing lately. but by maintaining their company's image and by maintaining their profit. he create new rules and make the CA as one of the best and better company today.

3. John Swainson, a 26-year veteran of IBM, joined CA in November 2004 as CEO and President his first few months with the firm were rough- major customers threatened to dumb the firm some products were behind schedule and were of poor quality; executives had to be fired for breaking company  rules; accountants continued to find past mistakes; and many newly hired executives had to be brought on board. what sort leadership could he have demonstrated to show that he was determined to avoid future scandals at CA?

Answer:

John Swainson is a brave leader, he face another scandal with CA because when it comes to business honesty is one of the best characteristics because it is one of the best tool to gain trust from any companies or businesses. 

4. CA has been hit with numerous scandals since the late 1990's. these scandals raise questions about how successful the firm might have been if not for the amount of time its executives had to spend on this distractions. compare the revenue growth and stock price of CA to that of some of its competitors over the period 2004-2008 (be sure to use CA's corrected figures!) can you detect any impact of these scandals on CA's performance? what else might explain the difference in performance?
Answer:

they are trying to be on top of the idea because he revenue growth of the CA over the period 2004 - 2008 was less than the revenue growth of their competitor such as Microsoft. they were out of focus on sales. but still their ideas put them on top of losing a large amounts of high revenue.

Discussion Question (Page 34)
1. Identify at least two other companies that mange their suppliers in a manner similar to Dell computers. do these companies have anything in common with Dell?
Answer:
Hp and Compact are similar companies for Dell Computer some of the hardware's are common and on their business they also have similar services offered such as selling computer's , Hardware parts and other services regarding on their customers needs.


2. Can you Identify any disadvantages for dell in taking the approach to managing suppliers?
Answer:
for me there is no advantages from Dell in making the approach on managing their suppliers
they have one of the best services offered great facilities and great products on their companies.


3. Do you think that this approach  to managing suppliers is unethical, or is it acceptable and ethical? explain your reasoning.
Answer:
it is ethical because it is very acceptable for the suppliers to deal with them because they are working it properly it is acceptable to the public on the way they treat their customers ethically.
\
4. would you recommend any changes to the way Dell manages suppliers? Defend your position.
Answer:
for me as time goes by soon Dell will be one of the best computer suppliers worldwide.


Discussion Question (Page 35)
1. Discuss how a CIO might handle Schrage's Scenarios using the suggested process for ethical decision making presented in this chapter.
Answer:
for me the CIO must handle schrage's scenarios by showing or orienting them the right process of making a tough decision in a formal and ethical way, because if process are not followed formally, making their own decisions are not well good enough to meet the standards.


2. Discuss the possible short-term losses and long-term gains in implementing ethical solutions for each of Schrage's scenarios.
Answer:
On my own understanding short term losses fails to meet standard for their businesses the might loose something but a small amount or quantity, as a example their client might be disappointed on their jobs or projects because they are not doing it a right and formal way and ethical process are not formally followed, while if process is formally followed companies gains a lot when they are doing it in a right and ethical ways.


3. Must businesses choose between good ethics and financial benefits? explain your answer using Schrage's scenarios as example. 
Answer:
for me no. because if you gain a lot on your company or business in a way that is not ethical and it might be illegal or against the law of ethics, they can benefit something but it is not the right process of gaining financial benefits. ethics is more important because i believe if a company has ethics it financially benefits a lot.

What it takes to be an IT Professional

 an IT Professinal must be able to have the characteristics of  both a Logical Thinking and Creative Thinking in order to pass throught the trials that they encounter.

IT Professional must also be a certified Analytical thinkers because we know Information technology is more on Analyzation.

Discipline is more important to an IT Professional, you have to manage yourself and act like an IT Professional the way it is, you have to make sure that you have mastered a field such Multimedia, System Development, and Networking, skills are more important to become an IT Professional because these proves if you have gained knowledge on those fields' shown,because it also reflects on your future jobs if you don't have enough skills to comply the requirements given.

IT Professional is expected to be an solution provider. And he or she must be ethically fit to the field that he/she is in.